A Successful Attempt by California to Close a College

Was Intelligent Design Involved in the Closure of Columbia Pacific?

The Case for Disparate Treatment


Author: Dr. Jerry Bergman
Subject: Credibility of Creationists
Date:

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Abstract

 

Columbia Pacific University, more than any other school, pioneered the educational revolution which today goes under the name distance learning that rely heavily on a canned curriculum and adjunct professors. This paper explores the closing of Columbia Pacific University by the State of California. It was found that the reasons given by the court were invalid. Several plausible reasons were proposed, none of which could be proven. It was concluded that the closing of CPU was an arbitrary and capricious political act.

 

Introduction

 

            My evaluation of Columbia Pacific University (CPU) in this paper is based on my 35 years as a college professor, and the fact that I have a total of eight other degrees (plus two additional graduate degrees—both doctorates—for which I have completed most of the course work), all from fully accredited Universities. My other degrees are from Wayne State University, the University of Toledo, Medical College of Ohio, and Bowling Green State University.  I have also completed post bachelors course work at the University of Wisconsin, Miami University in Ohio, and the University of California, Berkeley.

            I originally pursued a degree from CPU because where I now reside is a considerable distance away (generally a 2.5 hour round trip) from the closest graduate schools  (the University of Toledo, Medical College of Ohio, and Bowling Green State University).  Consequently, in the late 1980s I inquired about a suitable non-residential college where I could complete my graduate work in the science area (I already had a number of graduate credits, all of which Columbia accepted). 

            To make an informed decision on graduate school, I consulted the most authoritative alternative education reference in print, Bear's Guide, which Wilson Library Bulletin says is “the authoritative guide in the field.”  The 2003 Tenspeed catalog says, “after 25 years this classic bestseller is still the resource for anyone looking to earn a degree in a nontraditional way.”  This guide highly recommended Columbia Pacific with the following words: 

 

Columbia Pacific is the largest university in the United States and one of the largest in the world offering non-resident Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorates.  Despite the size, students report an extremely high level of personal attention from the faculty and staff.  The faculty numbers more than 400, nearly all with traditional Doctorates.  Two former presidents of major accredited universities serve as two of the deans of Columbia Pacific, and their president, Richard Crews, is a prominent psychiatrist with his medical degree from Harvard....  Degrees are offered in dozens of subject areas, including business, administration and management, engineering, psychology, education, holistic health, health sciences administration, architecture, and nutrition.  Special programs are created for students wishing to work in specialized areas... Work may be done in almost any language....  The University has two campuses: a million-dollar university-owned urban campus in downtown San Rafael (just north of San Francisco) and a 13-acre North Campus in northern Marin County, with library, student housing and other facilities.  There is an office in England, where a special program in travel and tourism is offered jointly with British Air, and where former Prime Minister Harold Wilson is one of many prominent people serving as honorary fellows of the university (Bear, 1985, p. 96).

Bear concluded his detailed review of CPU with the following recommendation: 

 

No other non-resident doctorate-granting institution has a staff with the credentials, reputation, and experience of Columbia Pacific.  Many major universities, including Harvard, Yale and Princeton have expressed a willingness to accept C.P.U. degrees.  Hundreds of C.P.U. alumni have written me (more than from any other school) to praise the very personal approach, the valuable learning experience, and the usefulness of their degrees (1985, p. 96). 

           

Bear also rates schools from 1-5 (5 being fully regionally accredited),  Columbia was rated a 4, which meant it was given the authority by “the superintendent of public instruction of the state of California” to award the degrees they offered. In other words, it was accredited by the state of California. Among other things, Full Institutional Approval pursuant to California Education Code Section 94310(b) means: "The course for which the degree is granted achieves its professed or claimed academic objective for higher education, with verifiable evidence of academic achievement comparable to that required of graduates of other recognized schools accredited by an appropriate accrediting commission recognized by the United States Department of Education or the Committee of Bar Examiners for the State of California". The key word in the clause is 'comparable' which is synonymous with the adjectives 'similar', 'matching' and 'equivalent'. Almost 50 accrediting bodies exist and for this reason one must specify which accrediting body is of concern. The United States Department of Education recognized CPU as a fully accredited institution, as evidenced by its inclusion in the Higher Education Directory, The HEP, published by Higher Education Publications, Washington, DC, 1984. CPU was also listed in Petterson's American Education, Vol 82. 

            The 1981 edition of Bear’s Guide says the founders and staff of CPU “have, by a wide margin, the most impressive credentials of the people associated with any such school” (1980, p. 49).  The school was founded in 1978 by three senior academics, two of whom were former presidents of regionally accredited American universities (see www.altepualumni.org).  CPU,  was the first California approved institution to gain full Institutional Approval in 1986. It now has over 7,500 alumni in 60 countries. When operating it was the largest distance learning institution in America. Bear adds that no other

 

alternative non-residential Doctorate-granting institution has officers who approach the reputation, prestige, and experience of those of C.P.U.  I have had more positive, enthusiastic feedback from students and alumni of C.P.U. than from any other school, accredited or not.  These people praise the very personal approach, the valuable learning experience, the comparatively low cost, and the value of the degree to them.  C.P.U. operates from a large leased building just north of San Francisco and from a 13-acre residential retreat center (with library, student housing, etc.) in Northern Marin County.  There is also a residential psychology program in Santa Cruz, and offices in England.

           

            CPU was rated by the California State Department of Education as “consistent in quality” with regionally accredited institutions. All new schools are unaccredited and when CPU was operating it could not become regionally accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) because WASC at that time did not accredit any nonresidential “distance learning”  (now called on-line educational programs) institutions. Of course, this has now changed, in part due to the pioneering work of CPU. In 1995, CPU had began to develop a short residence requirement to earn full regional accreditation, and was then preparing to apply for regional accreditation. The Times Educational Supplement  of August 5th, 1983 noted that CPU had a selective admission policy.

CPU graduates

            I also consulted with some CPU graduates, and found quite a number of very successful alumni.  One is John Gray, Ph.D. the award-winning best-selling author of the Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus series that critics claim was once very controversial (but has now moved more into the mainstream).  I also encountered numerous CPU graduates who have done well in academia, such as Frank G. Shellock, Ph.D., FACC, FACSM, assistant professor of radiology at the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine and a research scientist at the world renowned Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles.  I reviewed the publication record of Dr. Shellock, who has his Ph.D. from CPU, and from a single search located the following articles:

 

______, D.J. Schaefer, and C.J. Gordon.  1986.  “Effect of a 1.5 T Static Magnetic Field on Body Temperature of Man.”  Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine / Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 3(4):644-647.

 

______.  1986.  “Monitoring during MRI.  An Evaluation of the Effect of High-Field MRI on Various Patient Monitors.”  Medical Electronics, 17(4):93-97.

 

______, D.J. Schaefer, W. Grundfest, and J.V. Crues.  1986.  “Thermal Effects of High-Field (1.5 Tesla) Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Spine.  Clinical Experience Above a Specific Absorption Rate of 0.4 W/kg.”  Acta Radiologica Supplementum, 369:514-516.

 

______, C.J. Gordon and D.J. Schaefer.  1986.  “Thermoregulatory Responses to Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Head at 1.5 Tesla: Lack of Evidence for Direct Effects on the Hypothalamus.”   Acta Radiological. Supplement, 369:512-513.

 

______.  1987.  “Biological Effects of MRI.”  Diagnostic Imaging, 9:96-101.

 

______.  1988.  “Corneal Temperature Changes Induced by High-Field-Strength MR Imaging With a Head Coil.”  Radiology, 167(2):809-811.

 

______ and John V. Cures.  1988.  “High-Field Strength MR Imaging and Metallic Biomedical Implants: An Ex Vivo Evaluation of Deflection Forces.”  American Journal of Roentgenology. Vol. 151.

 

______.  1988.   “MR Imaging of Metallic Implants and Materials: A Compilation of the Literature.”  American Journal of Roentgenology, 151:811-814.

 

______, J.H. Mink, J.M. Fox.  1988.  “Patellofemoral Joint: Kinematic MR Imaging to Assess Tracking Abnormalities.”  Radiology, 168(2):551-553.

 

______. and John V. Crues.  1988b.  “Temperature Changes Caused by Clinical MR Imaging of the Brain With a Head Coil.”  American Journal of Neuroradiology, 9:287-291.

 

______, D.J. Schaefer, and J.V. Crues.  1989.  “Alterations in Body and Skin Temperatures caused by Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Is the Recommended Exposure for Radio frequency Radiation too Conservative?”  The British Journal of Radiology, 62(742):904-909.

 

______.  1989.  “Biological Effects and Safety Aspects of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.”  Magnetic Resonance Quarterly, 5(4):243-261.

 

______, D.J. Schaefer and John V. Crues.  1989.  “Exposure to a 1.5 Tesla Static Magnetic Field Does Not Alter Body and Skin Temperatures in Man.”  Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 11:xxx).

 

______, et al.  1989.  “Kinematic Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Evaluation of Patellar Tracking.” Physician and Sports Medicine, 17:99.

 

______ and B.D. Pressman.  1989.  “MR Imaging of the Tempromandibular Joint: Improvements in the Imaging Protocol.”  American Journal of Neuroradiology, 10:598.

 

______ and H. Bierman.  1989.  “The Safety of MRI.”  The Journal of the American Medical Association, 261(23):3412.

 

______, A.L. Deutsch, and J.H. Mink.  1990.  “Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Injuries to Bone and Articular Cartilage.  Emphasis on Radiographically Occult Abnormalities.”  Orthopaedic Review, 19(1):66-75.

 

______, T. Fukunaga, J.H. Mink, and V.R. Edgerton.  1991.  “Exertion Muscle Injury: Evaluation of Concentric Versus Eccentric Actions with Serial MR Imaging.”  Radiology, 179(3):659-664.

 

______ and J.L. Fleckenstein, J.L.  1991.  “Exertional Muscle Injuries: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation.”  Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 3(4):50-70.

 

______, J.H. Mink, A. Deutsch, and B.D. Pressman.  1991.  “Kinematic Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Joints: Techniques and Clinical Applications.”  Magnetic Resonance Quarterly, 7(2):104-135.

 

______.  1991.  “Patellofemoral Joint Abnormalities in Athletes: Evaluation by Kinematic Magnetic Resonance Imaging.”  Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 3(4):71-95.

 

______ and E. Kanal.  1991.  “Policies, Guidelines, and Recommendations for MR Imaging Safety and Patient Management.  SMRI Safety Committee.”  Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 1(1):97-101.

 

______ K. McCully, W.J. Bank, and J.D. Posner.  1992.  “The Use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to Evaluate Muscle Injury.”  Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 24(5):537-542.

 

______, D. Stoller, and J.V. Crues.  1996.  “MRI of the Shoulder: A Rational Approach to the Reporting of Findings.”  Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 6(1):268-270.

 

______, D. L. Rubin, D.L.; K.L. Falk, M.J. Sperling, M. Ross, et al.  1997.  “A Multicenter Clinical Trial of Gadolite Oral Suspension as a Contrast Agent for MRI.”  Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 7(5):865-872.

 

______ and R. C. Hartwell.  1997.  “MRI of Cervical Fixation Devices: Sensation of Heating Caused by Vibration of Metallic Components.”  Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 7(4):771-772.

 

______, W. Feske, C. Frey, and Michael R. Terk.  1997.  “Peroneal Tendons: Use of Kinematic MR Imaging of the Ankle to Determine Subluxation.”  Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 7(2):451-454.

 

______, L. P. Bendel, and M. Steckel. 1997.  “The Effect of Mechanical Deformation on Magnetic Properties and MRI Artifacts of Type 304 and Type  316L Stainless Steel.”  Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 7(6):1170-1173.

 

______ and V.J. Shellock.  1998.  “Cardiovascular Catheters and Accessories: Ex vivo Testing of Ferromagnetism, Heating, and Artifacts Associated with MRI.”  Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 8(6):1338-1342.

 

______.  1998.  “Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Knee and Patellofemoral Joint.”  Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, 14(6):658-661.

 

______ and E. Kanal.  1998.  “MRI Interaction with Tattoo Pigments.”  Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 101(4):1150-1151.

 

______, Christopher M. Powers, and M. Pfaff.  1998.  “Quantification of Patellar Tracking Using Kinematic MRI.”  Journal  of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 8(3):724-732.

 

______, K.R. Stone, and J.V. Crues.  1999.  “Development and Clinical Application of Kinematic MRI of the Patellofemoral Joint Using an Extremity MR System.”  Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(6):788-791.

 

______, Christopher M. Powers, T.V. Beering, D.E. Garrido, R.M. Goldbach, and T. Molnar.  1999.  “Effect of Bracing on Patellar Kinematics in Patients with Patellofemoral Joint Pain.”  Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(12):1714-1720.

 

______, and J.M. Horrigan, J.H. Mink, and A.L. Deutsch.  1999.  “Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Muscle Usage Associated with Three Exercises for Rotator Cuff Rehabilitation.”  Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(10):1361-1366.

 

______ and A. Kangarlu.  2000.  “Aneurysm Clips: Evaluation of Magnetic Field Interactions with an 8.0 T MR System.”  Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 12(1):107-111.

 

______.  2000.  “Effect of a Patella-Stabilizing Brace on Lateral Subluxation of the Patella: Assessment of Using Kinematic MRI.”  The American Journal of Knee Surgery, 13(3):137-142.

 

______ and J.L. Fleckenstein.  2000.  “Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation.”  Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology, 4(4):459-479.

 

______ and A.M. Sawyer-Glover.  2000.  “Pre-MRI Procedure Screening: Recommendations and Safety Considerations for Biomedical Implants and Devices.”  Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 12(1):92-106.

 

______, M.B. Edward, and K.M. Taylor.  2000.  “Prosthetic Heart Valves: Evaluation of Magnetic Field Interactions, Heating, and Artifacts at 1.5 T.”  Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 12(2):363-369.

 

______, J.M. Bert, H.M. Fritts, C.R. Gundry, R. Easton, and J.V. Crues 34d.  2001.  “Evaluation of the Rotator Cuff and Glenoid Labrum using a 0.2-Tesla Extremity Magnetic Resonance (MR) System: MR Results Compared to Surgical Findings.”  Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 14(6):763-770.

 

______.  2001.  “Metallic Neurosurgical Implants: Evaluation of Magnetic Field Interactions, Heating, and Artifacts at 1.5-Tesla.”  Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 14(3):295-299.

 

______.  2001.  “Metallic Surgical Instruments for Interventional MRI Procedures: Evaluation of MR Safety.”  Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 13(1):152-157.

 

______, K. Kulig, Christopher M. Powers, and Michael R. Terk.  2001.  “The Effects of Eccentric Velocity on Activation of Elbow Flexors: Evaluation by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.”  Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(2):196-200.

 

______, Samuel R. Ward, Michael R. Terk, Gretchen B. Salsich, and Christopher M. Powers.  2002.  “Assessment of Patellofemoral Relationships using Kinematic MRI: Comparison between Qualitative and Quantitative Methods.”  Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 16(1):69-74.

 

______, Ali R. Rezai, Daniel Finelli, John A. Nyenhuis, Greg Hrdlicka, et al.  2002.  “Neurostimulation Systems for Deep Brain Stimulation: In Vitro Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Related Heating at 1.5 Tesla.”  Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 15(3):241-250.

 

            The school utilized faculty from other colleges and universities to supervise students’ graduate work.  My faculty advisor was John A. Short, Ph.D., department of anatomy and histology at the University of Pittsburgh. Some of his many scholarly publications include:

 

Lieberman and J. Short. Hepatic blood supply and the control of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in liver, American Journal Physiology. 208, 896 (1965).

 

I. Lieberman, J. Gingold, P .Kane and J. Short., Inorganic phosphate and Na+ increases in liver after partial hepatectomy. American Journal Physiology. 208, 903 (1965).

 

I. Lieberman, P. Kane and J. Short. The portal vein and control of liver ribonucleic acid metabolism. Journal Biology Chemistry. 240, 3140 (1965).

 

J. Short, R. Zemel, J. Kanta and I. Lieberman. Stimulation of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the liver parenchymal cells of the intact rat. Nature. 223, 956 (1969).

 

J. Short, R. F. Brown, A. Husakova, J. R. Gilbertson, R. Zemel and I. Lieberman. Induction of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the liver of the intact rat. Journal Biology Chemistry. 247, 1757 (1972).

 

J. A. Pekarthy, J. Short, A. I. Lansing and I. Lieberman. Function and control of liver alkaline phosphatase, Journal Biology Chemistry. 247, 1767 (1972).

 

I. Lieberman, and J. Short, Control of Liver DNA Synthesis. Dermatology. 59, 17 (1972).

 

D. J. Gaza, J. Short, and I. Lieberman., On the possibility that the prereplicative increases in ornithine decarboxylase activity are related to DNA synthesis in the liver. FEBS Letters. 32, 251 (1973).

 

J. Short, N. B. Armstrong, R. Zemel and I. Lieberman. A role for amino acids in the induction of DNA synthesis in the liver, B. B. R. C. 50, 430 (1973).

 

D. J. Gaza, J. Short and I. Lieberman. Transcriptional and translational control of the biphasic increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity in liver, B. B. R. C. 54, 1483 (1973).

 

P. Ove, M. L. Coetzee, M. Obenrader and J. Short. Loss of a serum protein from hepatoma bearing animals. Oncology. 29, 13 (1974).

 

J. Short, N. B. Armstrong, M. A. Kolitsky, R. A. Mitchell, R. Zemel and I. Lieberman. Amino acids and the control of nuclear DNA replication in liver. In: B. Clarkson and R. Baserga (eds.) Control of Proliferation in Animal Cells, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, N.Y., p. 37-48 (1974).

 

J. Short, K. Tsukada, W. Rudert and I. Lieberman. Cyclic adenosine 3': 5' - monophosphate and the induction of DNA synthesis in liver, Journal Biology Chemistry. 250, 3602-3605 (1975).

 

R. P. Bailey, W. A. Rudert, J. A. Short and I. Lieberman. Nucleolar changes in liver before the onset of DNA replication, Journal Biology Chemistry. 250, 4305-4309 (1975).

 

J. A. Short, N. B. Armstrong, D. J. Gaza and I. Lieberman. Hormones and amino acids and control of nuclear DNA replication in liver. In: R. Lesch and W. Reutter (eds. ) Liver Regeneration After Experimental Injury. Stratton Intercontinental Medical Book Corp. , N. Y. p. 296-308. (1975).

 

W. Lynch, J. Short and I. Lieberman. The 7S nuclear DNA polymerase and DNA replication in intact liver, Cancer research. 36, 901-904 (1976).

 

R. P. Bailey, M. J. Vrooman, Y. Sawai, K. Tsukada, J. A. Short and I. Lieberman. Amino acids and the control of nucleolar size, the activity of RNA polymerase I, and DNA synthesis in liver, Proceedings of the National Academy Science U. S. A. 73, 3201-3205 (1976).

 

D. E. Chadwick, J. A. Solan, J. A. Short, K. Morimoto and I. Lieberman. Nuclear DNA synthesis and levels of ornithine decarboxylase, putrescine, and polyamines in the liver of the intact rat. In: A. Campbell (ed.) Advances in Polyamine Research, Vol. II, Raven Press, N.Y. p. 111-121 (1977).

 

J. Sort, L. Kibert, R. Wedmore, P. Ove and R. Zemel. Chromatin protein methylation in proliferating liver and hepatoma cells, Cytobios. 25, 115-128 (1979).

 

J. Short. Persistence of an increment of additive liver growth induced by triiodothyronines, Hormone and Metabolic Research. 12, 43, 1 (1980).

 

J. Short, R. Zemel, R. Wedmore, and L. Kibert. A reliable cross-circulation model: Its use in monitoring humoral agents, Cytibios. 28, 7-16 (1980).

 

J. Short, K. Klein, L. Kibert and P. Ove. Involvement of the iodothyronines in liver and hepatoma cell proliferation in the rat. Cancer Research. 40, 2417-2422 (1980).

 

J. Short and L. Kibert. Enhanced hepatic chromatin protein methylation induced by triiodothyronine treatment of the rat, Endocrine Research Community. 7, 113-119 (1980).

 

J. Short and L. Kibert. Semiquantitative determination of chromosomal protein methylation in vivo: calculation of a methylation index, Journal Applied Biochemical. 2, 40-44 (1980).

 

J. Short, R. Wedmore, L. Kibert and R. Zemel. Triiodothyronine: On its role as a specific hepatomitogen, Cytobios. 28, 165-177 (1980).

 

K. Klein, R. Chou, J. Short, and P. Ove. Amounts of triiodothyronine and a serum protein related to hepatic DNA synthesis in the rat, Hormone and Metabolic Research. 13, 165-170 (1981).

 

S. Ohi and J. Short. A general procedure for preparing messenger RNA from eukaryotic cells without using phenol, Journal Applied Biochemical. 2 393-413 (1981).

 

J. Short, D. Truitte and M. Ontell. Lack of a "pleiotypic response" in hepatocyte proliferation induced in the rat be 3, 5, 3' - triiodothyronine, Cytobios. 31, 191-209 (1981).

 

J. Short, P. McDermott and D. Truitte. Humoral modulation of hepatic nuclear triiodothyronine receptors in the cross-circulated rat,  Hormone and Metabolic Research. 14, 224 (1982).

 

M. L. Cotezee, J. Short, K. Klein, and P. Ove. Correlation of the circulating levels of a serum protein with triiodothyronine levels and hepatoma growth, Cancer Research. 42, 155-160 (1982).

 

M. L. Coetzee, J. Short and P. Ove. The influence of a humoral factor on hepatoma growth, Process Biochemical. 17, 12 (1982).

 

D. Truitte, P. McDermott, J. Short and L. Desser-Wiest. Reciprocal correlation between the levels of hepatic nuclear binding sites for T3 and enhanced DNA replication in the liver of the rat: a possible unifying concept, Cytobios. 38, 7-19 (1983).

 

J. Short and P. Ove. Recent hypothesis advocating a prominent role for the thyroid hormones in mammalian liver cell proliferation in vivo, Cytobios. 38, 39-49 (1983).

 

D. Truitte, P. Ove and J. Short., Partial characterization of specific nuclear triiodothyronine binding sites in two transplantable murine hepatomas, Anticancer Research. 3, 417-420 (1983).

 

J. A. Short, L. Kibert and R. Wedmore. The role of 3,3', 5-triiodothyronine as a specific hepatomitogen, Journal Cell Biology. 83, 231a (Abs.) (1979).

 

D. Truitte, J. A. Short and M. Ontell. Paucity of prereplicative alterations in hepatocyte proliferation induced by triiodothyronine.  Journal Cell Biology. 87, 158a (Abs.) (1980).

 

K. Klein, J. Short and P. Ove. Levels of a specific serum protein correlated with hepatic DNA synthesis in the rat. Journal Cell Biology. 87, 154a (Abs.) (1980).

 

When I completed my degree in February of 1992, CPU was fully licensed and authorized by the state of California to award degrees.  Their degrees were accepted not only by industry, but also by education, government, and other areas. My Ph.D. dissertation was published by University Microfilms International in Ann Arbor (see appendix). 

 

CPU Graduates Employed in Academia

            Columbia Pacific graduates are teaching, or on the staff of, the following traditional colleges and universities:

 

Antioch University, Athabasca University (Canada), Bedford College of Higher Education (England), Boston State College, Brigham Young University, Bryant College (Rhode Island), California State University, Hayward, California State University, Los Angeles, Central University of Venezuela, Cogswell College (California), College of Female Education (Saudi Arabia), Cuyahoga Community College (Ohio), Edward Williams College (New Jersey), Exeter University (England), Futtsing Kang College (Taiwan), Georgia Tech, George Watson’s College (Scotland), Golden State University (California), Grand Rapids Baptist College and Seminary (Michigan), Hargrave Military Academy (Virginia), Michigan State University, Moorpark College (California), Morain Valley Community College (Illinois), Mt. Sinai Medical Center (New York), Nassau Community College (New York), Nebraska Wesleyan University, New York University, North Texas State University, Norwalk Community College (Connecticut), Nova University (Florida), Odessa College (Texas), Oregon Institute of Technology, Pecos Valley Christian College (New Mexico), Pierce College (California), Purdue University (Indiana), San Francisco State University, Schreiner College (Texas), South Florida Community College, Swinburne Institute of technology, (Australia), Tampa College (Florida), Temple University, Umm Al Qura University (Saudi Arabia), Univesidad de Costa Rica, University of Bridgeport (Connecticut), University of British Columbia, University of Hawaii, University of Manchester (England), University of Massachusetts, University of Oregon, University of Salonika (Greece), University of Texas, El Paso, University of Vermont, University of Wales, University of Waterloo (Canada), University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, U.S. Army Reserve School (Illinois), Wake Forest University (North Carolina), Wallace State Community College (Alabama), West Coast University (California), West Virginia Northern Community College, Yeungnam University Medical School (Korea).

 

            I was easily able to locate scores of faculty members from many other colleges and universities who were CPU graduates.  An example is Dr. James Yarmus (he has his Ph.D. from CPU), who teaches at Howe School of Technology, a division of Stevens Institute of Technology.  His fellow faculty have degrees from Harvard, Vanderbilt, MIT, Stanford, Columbia, and Cornell. Another example is Macomb Country Community College (MCCC) President Al Lorenzo has his Ph.D. from CPU. MCCC, one of the nation’s largest and most innovative community colleges. He established the four-year university center that allows students to earn over 40 bachelors degrees from 10 different colleges. When Lorenzo wanted to complete his Ph.D. in the early 1990s he "called the Michigan Department of Education for a recommendation, and Columbia Pacific University was suggested” (editorial in The Macomb Daily dated August 30, 2004). A few more examples follow:

 

Marlene Anderson, Ph.D. has more than 25 years teaching and education administration experience at the secondary and post-secondary levels. A published author, Dr. Anderson has received several awards for her educational leadership accomplishments. 

Judith Anodea PhD  is best known as the author of Wheels of Life: a User's Guide to the Chakra System. (1987) and The Sevenfold Journey: Reclaiming Mind, Body & Spirit Through the Chakras (with Selene Vega), Eastern Body, Western Mind: Psychology and the Chakra System as a Path to the Self  (1996), and Contact: The Yoga of Relationship. (with Tara Lynda Guber) Insight Editions, 2006.  Anodea’s academic background includes a MS   from Rosebridge School of Integrative Therapy, a PhD in Health and Human Services from CPU, and additional doctoral work in Systems Theory. She wrote Columbia Pacific was:

 a distance learning program like many others that exist today. Though I received my Ph.D. in 1999, I was aware of what was happening when they got shut down shortly afterward. The CDCA made their judgment without ever setting foot on campus, without interviewing any of the students or teachers, and without just information or representation. It was clearly a political move, and an unfortunate one.

 

Robert Armstrong, Ph.D. the Director of the Fine and Performing Arts Division of Treasure Valley Community College, was named Educator of the Year by the Ontario Chamber of Commerce in 1994. In 1986, he was inducted into the Alaska Music Educator's Hall of Fame.

Thomas F. Barraga, Ph.D  graduated from St. John's University with a BA in marketing, from Long Island University with a MBA, and a PhD in Business and Public Administration from CPU. Currently a Major General in the New York Guard, Barraga was awarded the New York State Defense of Liberty Medal for his distinguished service. Barraga also spent 13 years in the private sector, holding various administrative positions with Dun and Bradstreet and Pfizer. He was first elected to the New York State Assembly in 1982 and on November 8, 2005 was elected to the Suffolk County Legislature. Barraga is a former Vice-Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Suffolk Community College and has been honored with awards and citations from many organizations. He was also a Commissioner on the N.Y.S. Temporary State Commission, on the Distribution of State Aid to Local School Districts, and was honored by Gov. Mario M. Cuomo in recognition of his distinguished service. 

George Bernato, Ph.D. is a Jungian oriented psychotherapist currently active in community endeavors and as a public lecturer and author of a published books and essays on topics related to Jungian analytic psychology. 

Lothar vonBlenk-Schmidt, Ph.D.  on  March 4, 1982 was invited to serve as an advisor on the United States Congressional Advisory Board for National Security.

Prof. Thomas M. Brinker Jr, JD, LL M is professor of Accounting and Coordinator of the Accounting Program at Arcadia University's MBA Program in Philadelphia. He is also affiliated with the American College, with William Howard Taft University and is an advisory faculty member of the Washington School of Law. He earned his J.D. at Columbia Pacific University while his LL.M degree is  from Regent University School of Law. He also holds academic degrees from Widener University and from St. Joseph's University.

Steven Brody MD is currently assistant professor of Clinical Medicine at the University of California Medical School in San Diego. He has  BA and MMSC from Brown University a MD from Washington University Medical School and a PhD from CPU. He has taught at Stanford University Medical School and was a resident at both Yale and Stanford. He is board certified in reproductive endocrinology, obstetrics & gynecology, endocrinology & metabolism, and medicine. Dr. Brody has published widely in the professional literature including textbooks, and is licensed to practice medicine in five states. He has lectured widely and has received 16 major awards including the William Osler Medal.

Jane Brown, PhD assistant professor, School of Nursing, Washburn University. Professor Brown earned an undergraduate nursing degree from the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; a master of nursing degree from Montana State University, Bozeman; and a doctorate in health sciences at Columbia Pacific University, San Rafael, Calif. She has held positions with the Department of Veterans Affairs in Nebraska and Texas nursing positions while serving in the U.S. Army.

Stephen A. Cherniske MS, a health educator, has a bachelor's degree from the State University of New York at Albany and a MS in nutrition from CPU. Mr. Cherniske has over 30 years of clinical, research and teaching experience. In the 1970s he worked as a nutritional consultant at three medical clinics and earned his MS from CPU in 1982. He then began teaching clinical nutrition for the UCLA nursing program, and took a position as Vice President and Technical Director for a federally licensed clinical laboratory specializing in nutrition and immunology. In 1983 he started teaching at Chapman University, and created the Anatomy Academy Learning System™, a multi-media course in anatomy & physiology. Cherniske is a frequent presenter at national and international sports medicine conferences. He served on the faculty of the American College of Sports Medicine and is advisor to a number of health and fitness publications, including Ms. Fitness Magazine and wrote a nationally-syndicated column on health and nutrition. He has published numerous articles in magazines and scientific journals, and has been interviewed on more than 40 television programs, including appearances on all four major networks. In 1993 he was appointed to a faculty position on the National Board Review course in Sports Medicine. His book, The DHEA Breakthrough (Ballantine, 1996), reached bestseller status in six months, and his latest book, Caffeine Blues (Warner, 1998), was released in December.

 

Ralph Davis PhD earned the Distinguished Flying Cross presented in March 22, 2006. The audience of nearly 400 supported his achievements by giving Dr. Davis a standing ovation. 

He pursued a distinguished career in Air Force Civil Service at the Aeronautical Systems Center where he worked on numerous weapon systems, including tri-service and foreign military sales programs for missiles; fighter, bomber and cargo aircraft; helicopters; trainers and simulators, and became deputy director of the Fighter Attack System Program Office (Boston, 2006).  Davis attended the University of Cincinnati and later received a PhD in management from CPU.

 

Jeffrey Dillon, Ph.D. is a psychotherapist and psychological intern in Ventura, CA and actively networks with others in his field. He is the author of a recent article titled Education among the Eskimos and Indians living above the Arctic Circle in Alaska.

Mitch Fadem PhD holds a PhD in Toxicology and Chemistry from CPU, attended Cleveland State University, Kent State University, the University of Vienna (Austria) and has lectured on toxicology and hazardous materials all over the world. A recognized international expert on bioaerosols, biological toxins and infectious diseases he has worked for years as an analytical toxicologist/toxicologist, taught environmental science and toxicology at Kent State University for a decade and was the chief industrial toxicologist for the MetroHealth Medical in Cleveland, Ohio. Much of his research was with the US Air Force in the area of Chemical and Biological Warfare decontamination and identification. He lead a team of scientists at the USDA Plum Island Animal Disease Center to create a new method for testing the efficacy of disinfectants against viruses and was the team lead for aerial application research for the Air Force. During his career he created and was the Director of the Center for Emerging Technologies in Aerial Application Research and linked this center with the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “VECTOR”. Under this program he conducted research in methods of wide-area decontamination to neutralize hazardous material releases including large oil spills in coastal waters, biological pathogens, toxic industrial chemicals and other toxins. From 2000 to 2004 he worked with the Air Force Operational Testing and Evaluation Center (AFOTEC) at Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, NM as a Senior Scientist and Subject Matter Expert for Chemical and Biological Defense Programs. AFOTEC is one of the lead test agencies for the operational testing of new Chem/Bio detection, decontamination and protection technologies for the US military. For the past two years he has been the editor of an online journal on toxicology called ‘global toxin review’  Dr. Fadem was also deployed to Kabul, Afghanistan to work with the Combined Security Transition Command, a NATO forces mission.

Nathaniel Gadsden, Ph.D. is State Director for the Higher Education Equal Opportunities Program in Harrisburg, PA. Dr. Gadsden formerly served as a member of the board of the Human Relations Commission for the city of Harrisburg and as Vice President of Capitol Area Black Network.

Lucille Gambardella PhD is Professor of Nursing at Wesley College in Dover, Delaware. She is also Chair and Director of the Graduate Program in Nursing. She earned her PhD degree from Columbia Pacific University, her MSN from Boston University and her BSN from Villanova University. A clinical specialist in psychiatric/mental health, she is certified by the American Nurses Credentialing Center.   

Roger Geronimo, D.B.A. Dr. Geronimo has extensive experience in finance, economics, business development and planning, having worked with small companies and large corporations. He taught college for 17 years and has been part owner of two technology companies. In 1985 he was nominated by President Reagan for Deputy Undersecretary of Treasury.

Charles Gant, MD, PhD, NMD received a BS in chemistry from Hampden-Sydney College, a medical degree from the University of Virginia Medical School, a Ph.D. in psychology from CPU and a NMD from the American Naturopathic Medical Association. He has practiced Integrative Medicine, and has been a psychiatric consultant at several hospitals and clinics in the Central New York area. Dr. Gant pioneered nutritional treatments for addictions, working as Medical Director at the Tully Hill Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation Center, as Medical Consultant at Syracuse Behavioral Healthcare, and as a private practitioner. Dr. Gant has lectured at the Syracuse University College of Law, and been affiliated with The American Academy of Psychiatrists in Alcoholism and Addictions and The American Society of Addiction Medicine. He has lectured extensively on nutritional and molecular medicine. Dr. Gant has devised nutritional and neuro-nutrient treatments for nicotine, alcohol and drug abuse problems and mental disorders, such as ADHD, anxiety, depression and bipolar disorder. These protocols are currently being duplicate around the world. Dr. Gant is the author of ADD and ADHD: Complementary/Alternative Medicine (CAM) Solutions (1999) and End Your Addictions Now (2002, Warner Books).

Merridy Hance, B.S. has focused much of her professional work on problems of aging and related social issues. In 1987 she developed a comprehensive computerization program for the Social Work Department of Harrison Memorial Hospital. She is a published author and poet; her work has appeared in the CPU Review. 

David R. Hawkins M.D., a graduate of Columbia University Medical school, is a distinguished psychiatrist, author, and consciousness researcher internationally known for his innovative work in applied Kinesiology and the nutritional treatment of mental diseases. In the 1970s Dr. Hawkins collaborated with Linus Pauling, the American chemist who between the two world wars revolutionized scientific thinking about the structure of molecules. Orthomolecular Psychiatry, Hawkins’ first influential tome, was co-authored with Pauling. In 1995 Dr. Hawkins received his PhD degree from CPU. He wrote his dissertation on the Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis and Calibration of the Levels of Human Consciousness. It has been published in book form as Power vs. Force: The Hidden Determinants of Human Behavior (Veritas Publishing) and has been translated into 15 languages. Dr. Hawkins has published numerous articles in peer-reviewed journals; and is the author of The Eye of the I, I: Reality and Subjectivity, Dialogues of Consciousness and Truth vs. Falsehood: How to Tell the Difference a volume of some 500 pages published in 2005 by Axial of Toronto.

Donald Jorgensen, Sr. Ph.D. is chairman and co-founder of Jorgensen Healthcare Associates, Inc., a behavioral health treatment and consultation firm in Tucson, AZ, operating inpatient and outpatient chemical dependency recovery centers, employee assistance programs and national training/consulting services. He has served on the faculty at educational institutions both in California and Arizona.

Captain Karen Kahn was a pilot for Continental Airlines for many years, and is a captain on the B757/767 and runs Aviation Career Counseling  She is also the author of Flight Guide for Success: Tips and Tactics for the Aspiring Airline. She is a graduate of Verde Valley School, attended Reed College, and obtained a degree in aviation from Columbia Pacific.  

John Kersey, Ph.D. director of Marquess Educational Consultants, Ltd. ( UK ). In his history of distance learning study he wrote that a major development in its modern explosion was programs

such as those at Columbia Pacific University [which] attained worldwide popularity and acclaim, with leading universities such as Harvard and Yale stating that they would be happy to consider graduates of such programs for admission to further degrees.

(http://www.degree.com/articles/distance-learning.htm)

 

Edison de Mello, MD, PhD  is the Founder and Medical Director of the Akasha Center for Integrative Medicine in Santa Monica, California, Dr. Edison de Mello is a board certified family physician and a licensed psychotherapist. His practice bridges the gap between Western and Eastern Medicine. He graduated in 1982 with a BA in Psychology from the University of North Texas and went on to receive his MA in Psychology from California State University in Long Beach and PhD in Health and Human Services from Columbia Pacific University. He wrote his PhD dissertation on “Gut Feelings-A Psychosocial Approach to Gastrointestinal Illness.” In 1999 Dr. de Mello completed his medical residency at Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City.

Patrick O'Hara, Ph.D. has been involved in managing and marketing computer and related technologies with large computer and Silicon Valley entrepreneurial companies. He is President of O-TEK Enterprises (a management and technology consulting firm) and the author of several books on marketing and computerizing small businesses.

Jane Pagel PhD is Vice-President of Government and Corporate Affairs at Jacques Whitford Ltd., one of Canada’s largest employee-owned consulting engineering, environmental science and earth sciences companies. Her previous industry positions include Vice President, Corporate and Government Affairs with Philip Services Corp., President of Zenon Environmental Laboratories, and head of the Environmental Sciences Department at the former Ontario Hydro. Dr. Pagel has also held a number of executive positions in the Ministry of the Environment, the Ministry of Colleges and Universities and Management Board Secretariat. She holds a B.Sc., D.Bact. and M.S. in microbiology from the University of Toronto, and a Ph.D. from CPU (her CPU thesis advisor was a University of Toronto professor).

Carol Patterson-Rudolph, M.A. has spent the past 16 years developing her skills as an interpreter of Native American petroglyphs, requiring in-depth study of the belief systems and ceremonies of Native American people. Her training is in the traditional fine arts and art history along with formal studies of cultural anthropology. She has numerous publications and has done many educational productions.

Peter W. Pick Ph.D. has a BA in Art History from Hunter college, a MA in art history from Columbia University, advanced graduate work from the University of Michigan and a PhD from CPU. He was a Fulbright scholar and founded the museum curation program at San Francisco State University. For much of his career he was a field archaeologist working in various Arabic states, Sweden, and also Germany. He has spent the last decade as a researcher working on the dead sea scrolls with Neil Altman in Philadelphia.

Patrick L. Reilly, Ph.D. is General Manager and co-founder of IsoQuantic Technologies, LLC. He specializes in communications network architecture, design, and analysis.

Barbara Taylor, M.A. has a combination of general business and technical/computer background, specializing in pro-active approaches to business challenges, using creativity and positive employee motivation to improve productivity. As a management consultant and trainer, she has worked with major corporations, public sector agencies, and entrepreneurial businesses.

Dave Thiessen PhD Social science professor at Lewis-Clark State College, earned two baccalaureate degrees and a Master’s degree from the University of Idaho and a Ph.D. from Columbia Pacific University. He was one of 35 academic, business and government leaders from around the world  invited to be a part of the Oxford University Roundtable in Oxford, England. The theme for the Roundtable will be “History and International Politics: A Guide to the 21st Century.” The Roundtable also will focus on the 18-20th centuries’ influence on today’s globalization in the United State, Europe, Eurasia, China and Japan.

Guy Wells, Ph.D. is founder of the Alternative Education Association, an organization dedicated to the professional and educational development of graduates of non-traditional high school and college programs. Dr. Wells’ degrees are in criminology and police administration. He is licensed as a Security Agency Manager and as a Private Investigator, and owns Wells Investigative Services in Orlando, FL.

Jerome Workman PhD is director of Research in the Department of Molecular Spectroscopy and Microanalysis at the Thermo-Electron Corporation. Dr. Workman received numerous awards for outstanding achievements in science and is also a senior research fellow at Kimberly-Clark Corporation. The author of hundreds of published scientific papers, technical reports and book chapters, Dr. Workman is the Editor of the Handbook of Organic Compounds (Academic press) and has served on faculty at St. Mary's University and the University of Washington. He received his BA cum laude in the natural sciences and MA in biology from St. Mary's University and his PhD in biological chemistry from Columbia Pacific University, as well as an Executive Management Certificate from Columbia University, New York.   

David Young PhD is Graduate Research Professor of Theater and Dance at the University of Florida. He was the Producing Director of the American College Theater Festival (ACTF) at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington DC for over 15 years. ACTF programs involve more than 450 colleges and universities with an audience numbering more than a million annually. The recipient of the American Association of Community Theater National Patrons Award, Dr. Young directed almost 100 productions, including many musicals. As a professional actor he has appeared on TV shows and in Broadway productions. The author of How to Direct a Musical (Routledge Books, 1995), Prof. Young has taught classes in directing, acting and musical theater in the US, as well as in Brazil, China, Senegal, and Greece. He is a graduate of the New School for Social Research in New York and earned his PhD from Columbia Pacific University.

Yang Xiaoguang, MA professor and Dean at Dalian Medical University, and Professor of Photography. Yang completed his MA at Columbia Pacific University before returning to Dalian to help establish the College. His excellent research record includes more than 20 articles and 8 books. He was visiting scholar at University of California, Berkeley from 1988-1990 and has recently become involved in documentary film making. His latest film production is being shot in Uganda.

Carol Cox PhD, MSc, MA Ed, PG Dip Ed, BSc (Hons), RN, Professor of Nursing, Advanced Clinical Practice, and Acting Deputy Director, Institute of Health Sciences. Her many professional publications include the following:

Hall, A., Porrett, T. and Cox, C. (2006) “Factors that affect medication compliance in inflammatory bowel disease”, Journal of Gastrointestinal Nursing, 4(5):31 – 40.

Shaha, M., Cox, C., Porrett, T. and Hall, A. (2006) “The omnipresence of cancer and its practice implications for colorectal cancer”, Cancer Nursing Practice,  5(4):35 – 39.

Cox, C., Reynolds, T., Cole, E., Wandrag, M., Breckenridge, S. and Dingle, M. (2006) “Implications of Cultural Diversity in Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) Decision Making”, Multicultural Nursing and Health, 12(1): 28.

Fisher, J., Cox, C. and Steggall, M. (2006) “Accident and Emergency Nurse Practitioner Role Evolution”, Emergency Nurse, 13(10):26 – 31.

Ball, Carol Ann and Cox, Carol Lynn (2004) "Part two: The core components of legitimate influence and the conditions that constrain or facilitate advanced nursing practice in adult critical care", International Journal of Nursing Practice, 10: 10-20

Ball, Carol Ann and Cox, Carol Lynn (2003) “Part 1: Restoring Patients to Health – Outcomes and Indicators of Advanced Nursing Practice in Adult Critical Care”, International Journal of Nursing Practice.

Cox, Carol L., Boswell, Graham, McGrath, Anthony, Reynolds, Tanya and Cole, Elaine (2003) “Examination of the A&E Patient With Cranial Nerve Damage”, Emergency Nurse, ISSN 1354-5752

Cox, Carol Lynn (2004) Physical Assessment for Nurses, Oxford, Blackwell Science

Cox, Carol Lynn, (2004) “History Taking”, in Cox, Carol Lynn (ed.), Physical Assessment for Nurses, Oxford, Blackwell Science

Cox, Carol Lynn, (2004) “General Examination”, in Cox, Carol Lynn (ed.), Physical Assessment for Nurses, Oxford, Blackwell Science

Cox, Carol Lynn, (2004) “Examination of the Cardiovascular System”, in Cox, Carol Lynn (ed.), Physical Assessment for Nurses, Oxford, Blackwell Science

Cox, Carol Lynn, (2004) “Examination of the Respiratory System”, in Cox, Carol Lynn (ed.), Physical Assessment for Nurses, Oxford, Blackwell Science

Cox, Carol Lynn, (2004) “Assessment of the Pediatric Patient”, in Cox, Carol Lynn (ed.), Physical Assessment for Nurses, Oxford, Blackwell Science

Cox, Carol Lynn, (2004) “Assessment of Disability Including Care of the Older Adult”, in Cox, Carol Lynn (ed.), Physical Assessment for Nurses, Oxford, Blackwell Science

Cox, Carol Lynn, (2004) “Basic Examination, Notes and Diagnostic Principles”, in Cox, Carol Lynn (ed.), Physical Assessment for Nurses, Oxford, Blackwell Science

Cox, Carol Lynn, (2004) “Presenting Cases and Communication”, in Cox, Carol Lynn (ed.), Physical Assessment for Nurses, Oxford, Blackwell Science

Cox, Carol Lynn, (2004) “Imaging Techniques and Clinical Investigations”, in Cox, Carol Lynn (ed.), Physical Assessment for Nurses, Oxford, Blackwell Science

Cox, Carol Lynn, (2004) “The 12-Lead Electrocardiogram”, in Cox, Carol Lynn (ed.), Physical Assessment for Nurses, Oxford, Blackwell Science

Cox, Carol Lynn, (2004) “Interpretation of Investigations”, in Cox, Carol Lynn (ed.), Physical Assessment for Nurses, Oxford, Blackwell Science

Shaha, Maya and Cox, Carol Lynn (2003) The Omnipresence of Cancer. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 7 (3): 191-196.

Cox, Carol L. (2003) "Can nurse practitioners replace junior doctors?", Nursing Times, 99(3):18.

Washbourne, C. and Cox, C. (2002) Per Vagina (PV) Bleeding in Early Pregnancy. Emergency Nurse, 10(8):21-25.

Cox, C (2002) (Ed) Enhancing the Practice Experience. Chichester, Nursing Praxis International.

Cox, L. Carol (2002) Advancing Practice for Nursing, Practice Nursing 2002, 13(9):406-408.

Bialoskurski, M., Cox, C., Wiggins, R. (2002) "The Relationship Between Maternal Needs and Priorities in a Neonatal Intensive Care Environment", Journal of Advanced Nursing,  37(1): 62 - 69.

Boswell, Graham and Cox, Carol L. (2002) "Day Case Discectomy and Integrative Therapies: One Patient's Story Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 6(1): 69 - 75.

Cox, Carol Lynn (2002) "Complementary Therapies for Cardiac Health", in Hatchett, R. and Thompson, D. (eds.), Cardiac Nursing: A Comprehensive Guide, Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone.

Cox, Carol Lynn (2001) "Respiratory Assessment" in Esmond, G. (ed.), Textbook of Respiratory Care, Churchill Livingstone.

Cox, Carol Lynn and Reyes-Hughes, Adrian (2001) Clinical Effectiveness In Practice, Houndsmills Basingstoke, Palgrave.

Cox, Carol Lynn and Ahluwalia, Sonya (2001) Clinical Effectiveness, Nursing Diagnosis and the Role of the Clinical Nurse Specialist and Nurse Practitioner, in Cox, Carol Lynn and Reyes-Hughes, Adrian (eds.) Clinical Effectiveness In Practice, Houndsmills Basingstoke, Palgrave.

Cox, Carol Lynn and Ahluwalia, Sonya (2001) Factors that Foster and Hinder Clinically Effective Care of Clinical Nurse Specialists and Nurse Practitioners: A Qualitative Study, in Cox, Carol Lynn and Reyes-Hughes, Adrian (eds.) Clinical Effectiveness In Practice, Houndsmills Basingstoke, Palgrave.

Cox, Carol Lynn and Ahluwalia, Sonya (2001) Clinical Effectiveness and the Realities of Practice: A National Quantitative Study, in Cox, Carol Lynn and Reyes-Hughes, Adrian (eds.) Clinical Effectiveness In Practice, Houndsmills Basingstoke, Palgrave.

Cox, Carol Lynn (2001) Alteration in Comfort: Caring for the Patient Using Complementary Therapies, in Cox, Carol Lynn and Reyes-Hughes, Adrian (eds.) Clinical Effectiveness In Practice, Houndsmills Basingstoke, Palgrave.

Cox, Carol L. (2001) "Advanced nurse practitioners and physician assistants: what is the difference? Comparing the USA and UK", Hospital Medicine Journal, 62(3):169 - 171.

Cox, Carol L. and Bialoskurski, Maria (2001) "Communication factors in facilitating attachment", British Journal of Nursing, 10(10):668 - 676.

Shaha, Maya and Cox, Carol L. (2001) "The Dasein of Colorectal Cancer, an Ontological Study" in Willman, A. and Neilson, R. (eds.) Critical Appraisal, Nursing Theories in Practice, Education and Research Monographs, Grafiska Punkten, Vaxjo, 1(1):128 - 135

Cox, Carol L. and Ahluwalia, Sonya (2000) "Enhancing Clinical Effectiveness Among Clinical Nurse Specialists", British Journal of Nursing, 9(16):1064 - 1073.

Cox, Carol L. and Boswell, Graham (2000) "Integrating Complementary Health Care in Outpatient Surgery for Discectomy: the Patient's Perspective", Journal of Orthopaedic Nursing, 4(12):179-184.

Cox, Carol L. (2000) Clinical Governance and Shared Governance, Practice Nursing, 11(16):17 - 20.

Cox, Carol Lynn (2000) "The Principles of Abdominal Assessment", Practice Nursing, 11(4): 12 - 20.

Cox, Carol Lynn (2000) "Varying Perspectives on Post-Modernism", Sacred Space Journal, 1(2): 50 - 51.

Cox, Carol Lynn (2000) "Nurse Consultant: The Advanced Nurse Practitioner?", Nursing Times, 96(13):48.

Cox, Carol L. and Hayes, Julie Ann (2000) "Physiologic and Psychosomatic Responses of Critical Care Patients to the Administration of Therapeutic Touch", in Freshwater, D. (ed.) Making a Difference, Chichester, Nursing Praxis International.

Hayes, Julie Anne and Cox, Carol Lynn (2000) "Immediate Effects of a Foot Massage in Intensive Care", Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery, 6(1):9 - 13

Bialoskurski, M., Cox, C. and Hayes, J. (1999) "The Nature of Attachment in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit", Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 13(1):66 - 77.

Cox, Carol L. (1999) Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Clinical Curriculum and Certification Review, Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 15(2):120.

Cox, Carol Lynn and Hayes, Julie Anne (1999) "Physiologic and Psychodynamic Responses to Receiving Therapeutic Touch in Critical Care", Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery, 5(3):87 - 92.

Cox, Carol Lynn and Hayes, Julie Anne (1999) "Experiences of Administering and Receiving Therapeutic Touch in Intensive Care", Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 15(5); 283 - 287.

Cox, Carol Lynn and Hayes, Julie Anne (1999) "Physiologic and Psychodynamic Responses to Receiving Therapeutic Touch in Critical Care", Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 15(6):363 - 368.

Cox, Carol Lynn and McGrath, Anthony (1999) "Respiratory Assessment in Critical Care Units", Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 15(4);226 - 234.

Hayes, Julie Anne and Cox, Carol Lynn (1999) "The Experience of Therapeutic Touch from a Nursing Perspective", British Journal of Nursing, 8(18):1249 - 1254.

Hayes, Julie Anne and Cox, Carol Lynn (1999) "The Integration of Complementary Therapies in North and South Thames Regional Health Authorities Critical Care Units", Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery, 5(4):103 - 108.

Hayes, Julie Anne and Cox, Carol Lynn (1999) "Immediate Effects of a Five Minute Foot Massage in Intensive Care", Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 15(2):77 - 82.

Cox, Carol Lynn and Hayes, Julie Anne (1998) "Experiences of Administering and Receiving Therapeutic Touch in Intensive Care", Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery, 4(5):128 - 133.

McGrath, Anthony and Cox, Carol Lynn (1998) "Cardiac and Circulatory Assessment in Intensive Care Units", Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 14(6):283 - 287.

Cox, Carol Lynn (1997) "Competency-Based Continuing Education in Critical Care", in Bryczynski, Gosia (ed.), Caring: The compassion and wisdom of nursing, London, Arnold

Cox, Carol Lynn (1997) St Bartholomew School of Nursing and Midwifery Advanced Practice: Physical Assessment, London, City University Press.

Cox, Carol Lynn (1997) "Implementing Therapeutic Touch in Intensive Care", In Papp, Inkeri (ed.), Research Based Nursing, Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla Polytechnic School of Health.

Cox, Carol Lynn and Hayes, Julie Anne (1997) "Reducing Anxiety: The Employment of Therapeutic Touch as a Nursing Intervention", Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery,  3(6):163 - 167.

Cox, Carol Lynn (1996) "The Advanced Nurse Practitioner in Complementary Therapies," Holistic Nurses Association Newsletter, 3( 2):1-2.

Cox, Carol Lynn (1996) "The Nurse's Ability to Care," Holistic Nurses Association Newsletter, 3(1):19-23, January.

Freeman, R., Moulton, D., Cox, C. and Miles, A. (1996) Shaping the future: Practice focused teaching and learning, London.

 

Percival Fernandez, Ph.D., was appointed Director of St. John's Medical College in charge of three major institutions, a hospital with 850 beds, a medical school with 400 undergraduate and post-graduate students, and a college with nearly 1,000 support staff.  Interestingly, the oldest CPU graduate, Lloyd Maxwell, Ph.D. (economics), was 95 at his CPU graduation. Dr. Roman Frankel is founder of The Healing Place, a substance abuse treatment facility in Farmington Hills, MI. A few more of the hundreds of distinguished academics and professionals with degrees from CPU include the following:

 

1.  Shaffdeen A. Amuwo, Ph.D., Associate Dean, Community, Government, and Alumni Affairs, Clinical Assistant Professor, Community Health Sciences, UIC School of Public Health.